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Chapter 1 13 Units

NOUNS

Unit 1

Chapter 1

countable nouns

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Unit 2

Chapter 1

uncountable nouns

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Unit 3

Chapter 1

nouns as countable; uncountable nouns

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Unit 4

Chapter 1

counting uncountable nouns

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Unit 5

Chapter 1

kind(s) of, type(s) of, sort(s) of

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Unit 6

Chapter 1

no + countable noun or uncountable noun

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Unit 7

Chapter 1

one of the + plural noun + plural verb, some of the + plural noun + plural verb, some of the + uncountable noun + singular verb

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Unit 8

Chapter 1

nouns as modifiers (adjectives)

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Unit 9

Chapter 1

collective nouns agree with singular verbs

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Unit 10

Chapter 1

enough + noun; noun + enough

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Unit 11

Chapter 1

repetition of the subject

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Unit 12

Chapter 1

the + uncountable noun + of phrase

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Unit 13

Chapter 1

the + verb + ing (gerund) + of noun

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Chapter 2 7 Units

Pronouns

Unit 14

Chapter 2

subject pronouns

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‘subject pronouns’ adalah pronoun (kata ganti) yang digunakan sebagai subjek kalimat. ‘subject pronouns’ adalah I, you, we, he, she, it, they. Jangan gunakan object pronouns sebagai subjek kalimat. ‘object pronouns’ adalah: me, you, us, him, her, it, them.

Contoh:

(a)	My friend and I will come to the party.
(b)	John studies English every day so that he can get a good job.
(c)	You are not as good as she is.
(d)	It is very delicious.
(e)	We are happy to hear that.
(f)	They will help us tomorrow.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	He and me have made an agreement.
	Benar	:	He and I have made an agreement.
2.	Salah	:	John and him will work together as a team.
	Benar	:	John and he will work together as a team.
3.	Salah	:	Mary and us have decided to cancel the meeting.
	Benar	:	Mary and we have decided to cancel the meeting.
4.	Salah	:	He and them want to talk to you.
	Benar	:	He and they want to talk to you.
5.	Salah	:	Jim and her thought that you would not come.
	Benar	:	Jim and she thought that you would not come.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Restrict and avoid red meat as far as possible as ___ are high in saturated fats.
1. their
2. they
3. them
4. themselves
5. placeholder
Winston Churchill once said that ___ thought there was a block of ice in his stomach each time he made a speech.
1. he
2. him
3. his
4. himself
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

(A) The discovery
of a tiny arm bone and a skull in remote Flores
(B) has prompted
scientists to rewrite our
(C) long understanding
on how
(D) us
became human.
(E) placeholder
(A) All
young children
(B) need to
grow, to learn, to move, at
(C) whatever
rate
(D) them
find comfortable.
(E) placeholder

Unit 15

Chapter 2

object pronouns

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‘object pronouns’ adalah personal pronouns yang digunakan sebagai obyek dari kata kerja atau preposisi. ‘object pronouns’ adalah me, you, us, him, her, it dan them.

Contoh:

(a)	He loves her very much.
(b)	Don’t blame me.
(c)	This is just between us.
(d)	We don’t understand them.
(e)	Please let him go.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	You can tell a lot about people by just watching they.
	Benar	:	You can tell a lot about people by just watching them.
2.	Salah	:	Let’s go inside, and let I show you something about the product.
	Benar	:	Let’s go inside, and let me show you something about the product.
3.	Salah	:	The mother can handle the children better, keeping they calm.
	Benar	:	The mother can handle the children better, keeping them calm.
4.	Salah	:	The lecture confused he instead of making him understand.
	Benar	:	The lecture confused him instead of making him understand.
5.	Salah	:	He always tries to get she to agree with him.
	Benar	:	He always tries to get her to agree with him.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

You must have your audience's immediate attention and ___ in your speech at the very beginning.
1. get them interesting
2. get them interest
3. get them interested
4. get they interested
5. placeholder
It would be much easier to persuade someone who is afraid of heights to learn to play tennis than to persuade ___ to try sky-diving as a hobby.
1. he
2. his
3. him
4. her
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

Often a person cannot give up a religious belief because he feels that he
(A) would
then be disloyal to
(B) those
who have influenced
(C) he
and
(D) whom
he has respected and loved.
(E) placeholder
Happy people are
(A) grateful for
life,
(B) no matter
what tests and hardships
(C) it
may put
(D) him
through.
(E) placeholder

Unit 16

Chapter 2

object pronouns after prepositions

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‘object pronouns’ (me, him, her, it, you, us, them) digunakan setelah preposisi. Beberapa preposisi yang umum digunakan dengan object pronoun adalah: between, among, of, to, with, for, from, at, on, in, behind, in front of, beside, toward, next to, below, through, with. Jangan gunakan subject pronouns (I, he, she, it, you, we, they) dalam hal ini.

Contoh:

(a)	There is no secret between us.
(b)	I wholeheartedly agree with you.
(c)	This present is for her.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	He has six people working below he.
	Benar	:	He has six people working below him.
2.	Salah	:	I got the car through she.
	Benar	:	I got the car through her.
3.	Salah	:	Come and stand beside I.
	Benar	:	Come and stand beside me.
4.	Salah	:	She ran toward they.
	Benar	:	She ran toward them.
5.	Salah	:	It’s unkind of she to mention his weight.
	Benar	:	It’s unkind of her to mention his weight.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Contracts are an important subject to businessmen. ___, there would be much dispute and confusion.
1. Without they
2. Without their
3. Without theirs
4. Without them
5. placeholder
We have to do something for the best friend who has been ___ through thick and thin.
1. with us
2. with we
3. with ours
4. with ourselves
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

(A) Hearing
a sound behind
(B) himself
, a gentle furtive sound
(C) stirring
in grass, he turned around
(D) quickly
.
(E) placeholder
We have
(A) a
moral commitment to
(B) the
people
(C) working
under
(D) ours
.
(E) placeholder

Unit 17

Chapter 2

possesive adjectives + parts of the body

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‘possessive adjectives’ (my, his, her, its, your, our, their) biasanya digunakan di depan parts of the body (bagian dari tubuh). ‘possessive adjectives’ ini digunakan jika kita telah mengetahui parts of the body itu milik seseorang tertentu atau sudah teridentifikasi. Jangan gunakan the dalam hal ini.

Contoh:

(a)	How did you break your leg?
(b)	Her hair is hanging down her shoulder.
(c)	What do you think of my nose?
(d)	Be careful. Don’t cut your finger.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	Don’t come any closer, or you may hurt the finger.
	Benar	:	Don’t come any closer, or you may hurt your finger.
2.	Salah	:	He had the hair colored.
	Benar	:	He had his hair colored.
3.	Salah	:	The heart was beating so hard that he could hardly breathe.
	Benar	:	His heart was beating so hard that he could hardly breathe.
4.	Salah	:	Why don’t you wear the watch on the wrist?
	Benar	:	Why don’t you wear the watch on your wrist?
5.	Salah	:	Her hair is covering the eyes.
	Benar	:	Her hair is covering her eyes.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

A child get sensation when pinching ___.
1. parts of his body
2. parts of the body
3. parts of their body
4. parts of her body
5. placeholder
She braided ___ in the two accustomed pigtails and took off in her best shoes.
1. the hair
2. her hair
3. hers hair
4. its hair
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

He started
(A) screaming
and
(B) slammed
the phone down.
(C) The
veins in
(D) the
forehead are popping out.
(E) placeholder
(A) As
people
(B) are ageing
,
(C) the
faces do not look as good as they
(D) used to
.
(E) placeholder

Unit 18

Chapter 2

reflexive pronouns

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‘reflexive pronouns’ digunakan untuk menunjuk kembali pada subyek pelaku perbuatan. ‘reflexive pronouns’ ini biasanya mengambil posisi obyek dalam sebuah kalimat dan sering kali sebagai obyek dari preposisi. ‘reflexive pronouns’ adalah myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves dan themselves.

Contoh:

(a)	Be careful not to hurt yourself.
(b)	Why is she always talking to herself?
(c)	He prays for himself.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	I usually buy me clothes and shoes.
	Benar	:	I usually buy myself clothes and shoes.
2.	Salah	:	Ask him to be careful, or he might hurt him.
	Benar	:	Ask him to be careful, or he might hurt himself.
3.	Salah	:	She doesn’t like her own person.
	Benar	:	She doesn’t like herself.
4.	Salah	:	Look at you in the mirror, and you will know who you are.
	Benar	:	Look at yourself in the mirror, and you will know who you are.
5.	Salah	:	They are the people who like to hear them talk.
	Benar	:	They are the people who like to hear themselves talk.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

We have to kick-start ___ into action, and it's not easy.
1. themselves
2. ourselves
3. herself
4. itself
5. placeholder
He went out and hid ___ behind a tree to eavesdrop.
1. themselves
2. itself
3. herself
4. himself
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

The problem is, what
(A) stops
most of us
(B) believing
in
(C) himself
is we are
(D) so
afraid of rejection.
(E) placeholder
(A) Singaporeans
are known to indulge
(B) them
with food, and
(C) eating
has become
(D) a
national obsession.
(E) placeholder

Unit 19

Chapter 2

subject pronouns

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‘subject pronouns’ (kata ganti) I, he, she, it, we, you dan they digunakan sebagai object dari be jika object dari be ini adalah subject dari relative clause, prepositional phrase, noun clause, present participle phrase. Jangan gunakan object pronoun (me, him, her, us, them) dalam hal ini.

Contoh:

(a)	It was I who made the mistake.
(b)	How could you forget that it was we who planned this?
(c)	It was she who picked up the phone.
(d)	It was you who did it.
(e)	Is it he in the bathroom?
(f)	It is they visiting us.
(g)	It is she talking on the phone.

‘It is’ dapat diikuti juga oleh subyek jamak.
Contoh:

(a)	It is the teachers who ought to prevent humiliation behavior among students.
(b)	It is the mothers who do most of the housework at home.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	It was me who asked her to come.
	Benar	:	It was I who asked her to come.
2.	Salah	:	It was her at the door.
	Benar	:	It was she at the door
3.	Salah	:	It is him whom they want to talk to.
	Benar	:	It is he whom they want to talk to.
4.	Salah	:	It was us who didn’t want to go.
	Benar	:	It was we who didn’t want to go.
5.	Salah	:	It is them shouting.
	Benar	:	It is they shouting.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

It was ___ who had made me upset.
1. him
2. he
3. his
4. himself
5. placeholder
It is ___ who call this a moral solution.
1. them
2. they
3. theirs
4. their
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

It is
(A) him
who
(B) believes
he does not have a problem
(C) which
should be
(D) most
concerned.
(E) placeholder
It is
(A) her
who continues
(B) to act
as
(C) a
spokesperson for gynecological cancer
(D) awareness
.
(E) placeholder

Unit 20

Chapter 2

reciprocal pronouns: each other, one another

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‘reciprocal pronouns’ digunakan untuk subyek jamak. Obyek kalimat menunjuk pada orang atau benda yang sama dan saling memberikan manfaat. ‘reciprocal pronouns’ adalah each other dan one another dan masing-masing diterjemahkan menjadi saling dan satu sama lain.

Contoh:

(a)	They love each other.
(b)	You are not allowed to help each other on tests.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	They always look at to each other in the classroom.
	Benar	:	They always look at each other in the classroom.
2.	Salah	:	They are always wearing each one another’s clothes.
	Benar	:	They are always wearing each other’s clothes.
	Benar	:	They are always wearing one another’s clothes.
3.	Salah	:	They were made for each the other.
	Benar	:	They were made for each other.
4.	Salah	:	Why do you always hurt each another?
	Benar	:	Why do you always hurt each other?
	Benar	:	Why do you always hurt one another?
5.	Salah	:	They are blaming one to the other.
	Benar	:	They are blaming each other.
	Benar	:	They are blaming one another.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

While currencies of most countries float in value againts ___, those of many developing countries are pegged to one of the major currencies such as the U.S. dollar.
1. each and other
2. one another
3. one the other
4. each another
5. placeholder
Fathers and sons often have difficulty talking to ___ and need learn how to converse.
1. one and another
2. one and other
3. each other
4. each another
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

They sat up
(A) slowly
, breathed again and looked at
(B) one and another
with
(C) a
kind of
(D) guilt
.
(E) placeholder
(A) Courtship
begins when two people of opposite sex
(B) limit
their
(C) dating
to
(D) one other
.
(E) placeholder

Chapter 3 4 Units

Tenses

Unit 21

Chapter 3

tenses based on time indicators

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‘tense’ dalam kalimat tergantung pada time indicator dalam kalimat itu sendiri, terutama pada kalimat yang tidak memiliki konteks cerita (kalimat lepas).

Indikator waktu:

(1)	the simple present tense:
	Time indicators: every day, every year, every week
	→	They work every day.
(2)	the simple past tense:
	Time indicators: last night, yesterday, ago, in (year, month), for
	→	He came to see us last night.
(3)	the present perfect tense:
	Time indicators: since, for, recently, during, so far, up to now, until now, lately, just, to this day, in recent years, already, yet
	→	I have known her since five years ago.
(4)	the present continuous tense:
	Time indicators: now, at the moment, at present
	→	The children are playing outside now.
(5)	the future tense:
	Time indicators: tomorrow, next week, next month
	→	John will leave for London tomorrow.
(6)	the present perfect continuous tense:
	Time indicators: all day long, all day yesterday, all night long, for
	→	She has been sleeping all day long.
(7)	the past continuous tense:
	Time indicators: at two o’clock yesterday, at three o’clock this afternoon, all day yesterday.
	→	She was sleeping at two o’clock yesterday.
(8)	the past perfect tense:
	Time indicators: before + the simple past tense
	→	He had done it long before you came.
(9)	the past perfect continuous tense:
	for a period of time + before + the simple past tense
	→	He had been working for ten years before he got married.
	the simple past tense + after + the past perfect continuous tense + for a period of time
	→	He had done it long before you came.

Contoh:

(a)	She has been married for twenty-five years.
(b)	He did not come yesterday.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	There are more than a thousand people at the party last night.
	Benar	:	There were more than a thousand people at the party last night.
2.	Salah	:	George left for Singapore tomorrow.
	Benar	:	George will leave for Singapore tomorrow.
	Benar	:	George is going to leave for Singapore tomorrow.
	Benar	:	George is leaving for Singapore tomorrow.
			(the present continuous tense for future)
	Benar	:	George leaves for Singapore tomorrow.
			(the simple present tense for future)
3.	Salah	:	He studied hard all day long.
	Benar	:	He has been studying hard all day long.
4.	Salah	:	She was talking to the deputy principal now.
	Benar	:	She is talking to the deputy principal now.
5.	Salah	:	I am watching TV at two o’clock yesterday.
	Benar	:	I was watching TV at two o’clock yesterday.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Before she died, Barbara Cartland ___ 620 books and sold 700 million copies.
1. was producing
2. has produced
3. produce
4. had produced
5. placeholder
On September 9, 1995 Sony ___ to North America a game console that revolutionized home game entertaiment.
1. introduced
2. introduces
3. is introducing
4. has introduced
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

If your friend is using up all your energy but
(A) ignoring
your advice, she
(B) was
categorized
(C) as
a help-rejecting
(D) complainer
.
(E) placeholder
They
(A) are arguing
for
(B) weeks
about
(C) forming

(D) a
clean goverment.
(E) placeholder

Unit 22

Chapter 3

sequence of tenses

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‘sequence of tenses’ adalah urutan waktu terjadinya suatu peristiwa. Urutan waktu terjadinya suatu peristiwa harus masuk akal.

Contoh:

(a)	We are looking for a man who can fix this machine. (present-present)
(b)	Do you know that he killed the snake? (present-past)
(c)	He hung up and left. (past-past)
(d)	He was working when I called. (past-past)

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	Anita Roddick, founder of The Body Shop, doesn’t know anything about the cosmetics industry when she first opened her first store in Brighton, England.
	Benar	:	Anita Roddick, founder of The Body Shop, didn’t know anything about the cosmetics industry when she first opened her first store in Brighton, England.
2.	Salah	:	Who is the most ambitious person you knew?
	Benar	:	Who is the most ambitious person you know?
3.	Salah	:	Today television is a communications system that linked the far corners of the globe.
	Benar	:	Today television is a communications system that links the far corners of the globe.
4.	Salah	:	They were talking about him when he suddenly appears.
	Benar	:	They were talking about him when he suddenly appeared.
5.	Salah	:	He looked everywhere to see if his parents will return.
	Benar	:	He looked everywhere to see if his parents had returned.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Personnel policies will generate a learning environtment where continuous self-development by each member of the team ___ a reality.
1. becomes
2. become
3. became
4. would become
5. placeholder
He believed that in order to achieve success in life, he ___ doubly hard.
1. would have to work
2. will have to work
3. has to work
4. works
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

After the invention of the telephone in
(A) the 1870s
, scientists began to wonder if
(B) pictures
, like sound,
(C) can be
transmitted
(D) through
air.
(E) placeholder
'Top management'
(A) means
one individual or a small group of people, owners or professionals,
(B) whose
prime responsibility
(C) was
to ensure that the organization remains profitable and
(D) growth-oriented
for future years.
(E) placeholder

Unit 23

Chapter 3

the present perfect tense and the present perfect continuous tense with 'since' and 'for'

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‘the present perfect tense’ digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan atau keadaan yang mulai terjadi di masa lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang. Berlangsungnya kejadian atau keadaan tersebut dapat berlangsung secara terus-menerus atau ada tenggang waktu istirahat. Hasil dari kejadian tersebut masih relevan sampai sekarang, dan kejadian tersebut masih dapat diulangi di masa yang akan datang.
Konstruksi dari the present perfect tense adalah:
subject + has/have + past participle

Contoh:

(a)	I haven’t eaten anything since this morning.
(b)	She has known me since five years ago.
(c)	He has worked on it for two hours.

‘since’ digunakan untuk menunjukkan titik waktu mulainya suatu kegiatan atau keadaan (the starting point of time), sedangkan for digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu periode waktu sampai sekarang (a quantity of time).
‘the present perfect continuous tense’ digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sudah berlangsung dan masih sedang berlangsung pada saat dibicarakan atau kejadian yang baru saja berakhir.

Contoh:

(a)	We have been studying for twenty minutes. (kejadian masih sedang berlangsung)
(b)	He has been exercising. He looks tired. (kejadian baru saja berakhir)

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	I know her since ten years ago.
	Benar	:	I have known her for ten years.
2.	Salah	:	They live here for twenty years.
	Benar	:	They have lived here for twenty years.
	Benar	:	They have been living here for twenty years.
3.	Salah	:	He has walking in the rain. He is wet through.
	Benar	:	He has been walking in the rain. He is wet through.
4.	Salah	:	He has learning English for the last two months.
	Benar	:	He has been learning English for the last two months.
5.	Salah	:	She types more than 6,000 postcards since she began her campaign.
	Benar	:	She has typed more than 6,000 postcards since she began her campaign.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

The importance of holidays ___ spectacularly in recent years.
1. is growing
2. has grown
3. grew
4. wil grow
5. placeholder
He lives in a small house now as he ___ financial trouble.
1. has been having
2. was having
3. had
4. will have
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

According
(A) to
the latest report from the International Diabetes Federation, the
(B) number
of diabetes mellitus patients in the world
(C) reaches
alarming
(D) levels
.
(E) placeholder
The
(A) cost
of living
(B) is going
up
(C) steadily
since the new goverment
(D) was
in power.
(E) placeholder

Unit 24

Chapter 3

questions with auxiliary verbs 'does - do - did

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‘the simple present tense’ dengan kata kerja utama menggunakan kata kerja bantu do dan does untuk bertanya, sedangkan the simple past tense menggunakan kata kerja bantu did untuk bertanya. Dalam kalimat the simple present tense, does digunakan untuk subyek orang ketiga tunggal, yaitu he, she, it sedangkan do untuk subyek I, you, we dan they. Kita menggunakan kata kerja infinitive dalam kalimat tanya, bukan verb + s.

Contoh:

(a)	the simple present tense [subject + verb (infinitive) + s]
	Positif	:	He works.
	Question	:	Does he work?
(b)	the simple present tense [subject + verb (infinitive)
	Positif	:	They work.
	Question	:	Do they work?
(c)	the simple past tense [subject + verb (the past tense)]
	Positif	:	He worked.
	Question	:	Did he work?

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	Do anybody knows who took my money?
	Benar	:	Does anybody know who took my money?
2.	Salah	:	Does you eat yet?
	Benar	:	Did you eat yet?
3.	Salah	:	Does you understand what I am talking about?
	Benar	:	Do you understand what I am talking about?
4.	Salah	:	Do the letter you write represent you and your organization?
	Benar	:	Does the letter you write represent you and your organization?
5.	Salah	:	Does short messages takes less time to keyboard and less time to read?
	Benar	:	Do short messages take less time to keyboard and less time to read?

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

When the fighting is over, ___ the person who is your sibling?
1. do you love
2. did you love
3. does you love
4. you love
5. placeholder
In this age, ___ for two adults in love?
1. does age still matters
2. do age still matter
3. did age still matter
4. does age stilll matter
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

(A) As
a young manager
(B) how you manage

(C) more mature
employees who may be resistant
(D) not to change
?
(E) placeholder
Why
(A) do
one product stay on the shelf,
(B) while

(C) another
has
(D) hundreds
of thousands of devotees?
(E) placeholder

Chapter 4 7 Units

Adjectives

Unit 25

Chapter 4

adjectives + preposition

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‘adjective’ + preposition adalah kata sifat yang diikuti oleh preposisi tertentu. Dengan kata lain, adjective tersebut mempunyai preposisi tertentu yang mengikutinya jika kalimat yang digunakan mempunyai obyek.

Contoh:

(a)	He is tired of doing this.
(b)	She is worried about me.
(c)	I am interested in music.

CATATAN:

(a)	Jika kalimat tidak mempunyai obyek, kita dapat mengatakan He is tired, She is worried, I am interested.
(b)	Sesudah preposisi, kita selalu menempatkan noun phrase (sebagai obyek) sesuai dengan definisi preposisi, yaitu kata-kata seperti of, in, on, at yang digunakan dengan kata benda dan ditempatkan di depan kata benda.
(c)	Beberapa contoh adjective + preposisi: bored with, accustomed to, disappointed with or in, worried about, (un)happy about, in favor of, surprised at, excited about, jealous of, afraid of, conducive to, resistant to, suited to/for, interested in, liable for, familiar with

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	Not to be asked for a date may make a girl jealous with another.
	Benar	:	Not to be asked for a date may make a girl jealous of another.
2.	Salah	:	At all times, both mates should be aware with the fact that a quarrel is only one means of getting relief from tension.
	Benar	:	At all times, both mates should be aware of the fact that a quarrel is only one means of getting relief from tension.
3.	Salah	:	Jealousy is an unpleasant feeling or attitude which arises whenever a person is afraid from losing or has lost something to someone else.
	Benar	:	Jealousy is an unpleasant feeling or attitude which arises whenever a person is afraid of losing or has lost something to someone else.
4.	Salah	:	Pleasant emotions hold a relationship together and are conducive toward happiness.
	Benar	:	Pleasant emotions hold a relationship together and are conducive to happiness.
5.	Salah	:	Many gynecologists and obstetricians are familiar by the great effort made by many women to have children.
	Benar	:	Many gynecologists and obstetricians are familiar with the great effort made by many women to have children.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

The people who are not increasing their weight have something special; they are ___ obesity.
1. resistant from
2. resistant of
3. resistant for
4. resistant to
5. placeholder
Basically, the new excercise forms, Power Yoga, Thai Yoga, Power Gym and Yoga Gym, are ___ all age groups.
1. suited to
2. suited of
3. suited in
4. suited with
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

(A) Based
on research,
(B) first-born
children are authoritarian conformists,
(C) assiduously

(D) interested with
preserving the status quo.
(E) placeholder
Anyone who
(A) deliberately
helps a
(B) terror
suspect is
(C) liable of
of
(D) a maximum penalty
.
(E) placeholder

Unit 26

Chapter 4

late, fast, hard as adjectives and adverbs

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Kata-kata late (terlambat), fast (cepat; dengan cepat) dan hard (keras; dengan keras) dapat berfungsi baik sebagai adjective maupun adverb of manner. Jangan gunakan fastly. ‘lately’ mempunyai arti recently (baru-baru ini), sedangkan hardly mempunyai arti almost not (hampir tidak).

Contoh:

(1)	late, fast, hard sebagai adjective
	subject + be + (a) adjective + noun
	(a)	He is a late comer.
	(b)	They are fast speakers.
	(c)	She is a hard worker.

(2)	late, fast, hard sebagai adverb
	subject + verb + adverb
	(a)	He came late.
	(b)	They speak fast.
	(c)	She works hard.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	He speaks very fastly and clearly.
	Benar	:	He speaks very fast and clearly.
2.	Salah	:	She often hands in her homework lately.
	Benar	:	She often hands in her homework late.
3.	Salah	:	Having fun after working hardly is one way of enjoying life.
	Benar	:	Having fun after working hard is one way of enjoying life.
4.	Salah	:	Negotiating a new relationship is hardly enough.
	Benar	:	Negotiating a new relationship is hard enough.
5.	Salah	:	She is a fastly learner.
	Benar	:	She is a fast learner.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Women ___ while men stutter more.
1. tend to talk fast
2. tend to talk fastly
3. tend talk fast
4. tend to talking fast
5. placeholder
They ___ still couldn't earn enough.
1. worked more hard and
2. worked hardly but
3. worked hard but
4. worked hardly and
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

(A) It is

(B) hardly
for a child to meet a stranger
(C) who
is going to be
(D) his or her
stepmother.
(E) placeholder
(A) Coming

(B) lately
is one of the root of
(C) failure
as I have proved it
(D) true
.
(E) placeholder

Unit 27

Chapter 4

the past participles and the present participles as adjectives

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‘past participles’ dan ‘present participles’ dapat digunakan sebagai adjectives dan menerangkan kata benda (noun). Kebanyakan ‘past participles’ yang berhubungan dengan perasaan digunakan untuk menerangkan makhluk hidup, sedangkan ‘present participle’ digunakan untuk menerangkan makhluk hidup dan benda mati.
‘past participles’ adalah: confused, disappointed, excited, surprised
‘present participles’ adalah: confusing, disappointing, exciting, surprising

Contoh:

(a)	The boy is surprised because the news is surprising.
(b)	I am confused because the lecture is confusing.
(c)	He is a concerned doctor.
(d)	It is an entertaining show.
(e)	Your room is really disorganized.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	It can be a confused model.
	Benar	:	It can be a confusing model.
2.	Salah	:	They were all surprising at the results.
	Benar	:	They were all surprised at the results.
3.	Salah	:	One must have an excited experience in his or her life.
	Benar	:	One must have an exciting experience in his or her life.
4.	Salah	:	What a disorganizing desk.
	Benar	:	What a disorganized desk.
5.	Salah	:	Having a glass of refreshed fruit juice a day can make you look younger.
	Benar	:	Having a glass of refreshing fruit juice a day can make you look younger.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

If you exercise, you will feel better in your body and begin to dress in a ___ way.
1. flattered
2. flattering
3. flattering of
4. flatter
5. placeholder
The biggest cause of ___ is low self-esteem.
1. diminished self-belief
2. diminish self-belief
3. diminishing self-belief
4. diminished of self belief
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

(A) Custom
duty,
(B) introduced
in England during the reign of King John, is one of the oldest
(C) forms
of tax on
(D) importing
goods.
(E) placeholder
Those
(A) confusing
students
(B) kept
on
(C) asking
the teacher
(D) questions
.
(E) placeholder

Unit 28

Chapter 4

enough + adjective/adverb + to infinitive

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‘enough’ ditempatkan setelah kata sifat untuk menyatakan sesuatu itu cukup sesuai dengan yang diharapkan.

(1) Contoh penggunaan enough dengan adjective.

(1.1)	Subjek dari kalimat pertama sama dengan subjek dari kalimat kedua.
	Contoh:
	(a)	She is old. She can make her own decision.
		She is old enough to make her own decision.
	(b)	He is tall. He can be a basketball player.
		He is tall enough to be a basketball player.

(1.2)	Subjek dari kalimat pertama adalah obyek dari kalimat kedua.
	Contoh:
	(a)	It is cold. I can drink it.
		It is cold enough to drink.
		It is cold enough for me to drink (it).
	(b)	The exercise was easy. The students could do it.
		The exercise was easy enough to do.
		The exercise was easy enough for us to do (it).

(2) Contoh penggunaan enough dengan adverb.

(2.1)	Subjek dari kalimat pertama sama dengan subjek dari kalimat kedua.
	Contoh:
	(a)	We arrived early. We could catch the bus.
		We arrived early enough to catch the bus.
	(b)	They work hard. They can be successful.
		They work hard enough to be successful.

(2.2)	Subjek dari kalimat pertama adalah objek dari kalimat kedua.
	Contoh:
	(a)	We registered early. They could accept us.
		We registered early enough for them to accept (us).
	(b)	The teacher spoke slowly. The students could understand him.
		The teacher spoke slowly enough for the students to understand (him).

CATATAN:
‘enough’ mempunyai arti yang positif karena hal yang disebut sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, maka pekerjaan itu dapat dilaksanakan kecuali dalam kalimat negatif.

Contoh:

(1)	John was not fast enough to win the race. He could not win the race.
(2)	The room was not big enough for us to sleep in. We could not sleep in the room.
(3)	‘enough’ dapat juga diikuti oleh for + noun phrase atau juga tidak diikuti oleh apa pun
	Contoh:
	(a)	Sentences for criminals are tough enough at present.
	(b)	The computer is not good enough for professional use.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	But whether such differences in fact exist, and how important they may be, are very much open questions, questions often pursued, curious enough by husband-and-wife research teams.
	Benar	:	But whether such differences in fact exist, and how important they may be, are very much open questions, questions often pursued, curiously enough by husband-and-wife research teams.
2.	Salah	:	As soon enough a young gorilla was helping the mother groom the babies.
	Benar	:	Soon enough a young gorilla was helping the mother groom the babies.
3.	Salah	:	If they stay enough long, they can see the slums and the poor in this city.
	Benar	:	If they stay long enough, they can see the slums and the poor in this city.
4.	Salah	:	The four blocks built in the 1970s are no longer sturdy enough as to support daily market activities and could collapse at any time.
	Benar	:	The four blocks built in the 1970s are no longer sturdy enough to support daily market activities and could collapse at any time.
5.	Salah	:	The exhibition is a good way to gauge the public’s opinion on journalists and to find out whether the journalists are mature enough for accept criticism.
	Benar	:	The exhibition is a good way to gauge the public’s opinion on journalists and to find out whether the journalists are mature enough to accept criticism.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

The middle class in the country is miniscule but is growing ___ support the proliferation of the hypermarkets.
1. significant enough to
2. significantly enough to
3. enough significantly to
4. significantly enough for
5. placeholder
Those ___ be relatively affluent also fare better in intellectual function, perhaps because money can buy the intellectually stimulating things like travel.
1. lucky enough for
2. lucky enough to
3. enough lucky to
4. lucky enough as to
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

(A) The
temporary artificial heart is
(B) intended to
help
(C) keep
patients alive
(D) enough long
for a heart transplant.
(E) placeholder
The
(A) hearing
aids
(B) are
the size of
(C) an aspirin
and television cameras small
(D) enough as to
be attached to the surgeon's head to give medical students a close-up view of an operation.
(E) placeholder

Unit 29

Chapter 4

compound adjectives using numbers

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‘compound adjectives’ terdiri dari beberapa kata yang digabung dengan menggunakan hyphen (-) dan digunakan untuk menerangkan kata benda. Khusus hyphenated adjective yang berhubungan dengan waktu, kita dapat menggunakan apostrophe s (’s), dapat juga tidak.

Contoh:

(a)	A twenty-year-old father is still young.
(b)	A two-hour lecture or two hours’ lecture is too long.
(c)	An eight-wheel truck must be very big.

CATATAN:
Pemakaian ’s tidak menggunakan hypen (-).
Contoh:

(a)	a two days’ trip atau a two-day trip
(b)	a three weeks’ vacation atau a three-week vacation

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	An eight-hours sleep a day is recommended.
	Benar	:	An eight-hour sleep a day is recommended.
	Benar	:	An eight hours’ sleep a day is recommended.
2.	Salah	:	It is a three-days journey.
	Benar	:	It is a three-day journey.
	Benar	:	It is a three days’ journey.
3.	Salah	:	Please write a two-hundred-words story.
	Benar	:	Please write a two-hundred-word story.
4.	Salah	:	Do you have change for a fifty-dollars bill?
	Benar	:	Do you have change for a fifty-dollar bill?
5.	Salah	:	Seventeen-years-old boys and girls are considered as responsible adults.
	Benar	:	Seventeen-year-old boys and girls are considered as responsible adults.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Who knows what we will be able to do ___?
1. in twenty years' time
2. in twenty-years time
3. on twenty years' time
4. on twenty years time
5. placeholder
What are the advantages and disadvantages of attending a ___?
1. single-sex school
2. single-sexes school
3. single-sex schools
4. single-sex's school
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

The advantages of
(A) twenty-four-hours
access to you money is very important,
(B) especially
if you
(C) are racing
for
(D) the airport
at six in the morning.
(E) placeholder
(A) Improved
economic condtions
(B) have made
the traditional
(C) three-generations
family home
(D) increasingly
rare.
(E) placeholder

Unit 30

Chapter 4

possesive adjective + verb + ing (gerund)

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‘possessive adjectives’ dapat ditempatkan di depan verb + ing. ‘possessive adjectives’ adalah my, your, her, his, its, our, their. ‘object pronouns’ seperti me, you, her, him, it, us dan them dapat juga ditempatkan di depan verb +ing (gerund), tetapi dalam TOEFL hal ini akan dianggap salah.

Contoh:

(a)	I really appreciate your understanding me
(b)	We agree entirely with his reporting this to the director.

Contoh penggunaan verb + ing yang ditempatkan setelah object pronoun.

(a)	I really appreciate you understanding me.
(b)	We agree entirely with him reporting to the director.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	He enjoys you accompanying him.
	Benar	:	He enjoys your accompanying him.
2.	Salah	:	He didn’t agree to me leaving for Europe.
	Benar	:	He didn’t agree to my leaving for Europe.
3.	Salah	:	She likes him talking to her politely.
	Benar	:	She likes his talking to her politely.
4.	Salah	:	They discussed me resigning from the company.
	Benar	:	They discussed my resigning from the company.
5.	Salah	:	She is not happy with she having to pay an entrance fee of $10.
	Benar	:	She is not happy with her having to pay an entrance fee of $10.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Most of the 340 genes involved in weight control increase the likelihood of ___, but there are actually genes that protect against being fat.
1. been fat
2. your been fat
3. your be fat
4. your being fat
5. placeholder
___ early on the morning of August seventh which was confirmed by his wife was his alibi.
1. Him coming home
2. His coming home
3. His come home
4. He comes home
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

Gibbons,
(A) which
are arboreal apes indigenous
(B) to
Southeast Asia, are characterized by
(C) them acrobatic swinging
through treetops, and are known
(D) for
their territorial vocalization or song.
(E) placeholder
(A) He
signing of the contract
(B) has eased

(C) worries

(D) regarding
the future of the project.
(E) placeholder

Unit 31

Chapter 4

'verb + ing' and 'verb + ed' phrases (participle phrases) as modifiers of nouns

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‘verb + ing’ dan verb + ed (past participle) phrases dapat menerangkan kata benda dan ditempatkan di depan kata benda yang diterangkan.

Contoh:

(1)	‘verb + ing’ phrases / present participle phrases
	(a)	After thinking about it carefully, he finally agreed.
	(b)	Crying loudly, the boy threw a stone at his friend.

(2)	‘verb + ed’ phrases / past participle phrases
	(a)	Thought to be a thief, he was taken to the police station.
	(b)	Asked to do it again, he was upset.

‘verb + ing’ atau verb + ed phrase harus digunakan untuk menerangkan kata benda sebagai subyek dari main clause, bukan sebagai obyek dari main clause.
Jadi kita tidak dapat mengatakan:

(a)	After thinking about it carefully, it was agreed by him
(b)	Thought to be a thief, the policeman took him to the police station.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	Advised by his doctor to stop smoking, every effort is made to do so by the patient.
	Benar	:	Advised by his doctor to stop smoking, the patient made every effort to do so.
2.	Salah	:	Warned of the enemy’s approaching attack, all his men were instructed by the general to be ready.
	Benar	:	Warned of the enemy’s approaching attack, the general instructed his men to be ready.
3.	Salah	:	Swimming too far from the shore, the lifeguards ordered the boys back.
	Benar	:	Swimming too far from the shore, the boys were ordered back by the lifeguards.
4.	Salah	:	Being crowded in the car, the trip was uncomfortable.
	Benar	:	Being crowded in the car, we were uncomfortable.
5.	Salah	:	After preparing thoroughly, the exam was not difficult for me.
	Benar	:	After preparing thoroughly, I have no difficulty doing the exam.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

___, applied to wounds, honey helps stimulate white blood to promote healing.
1. Long thinking of as a gift from the gods
2. Long thought of as a gift from the gods
3. Long think of as a gift from the gods
4. It long thought of as a gift from the gods
5. placeholder
___ its surf beaches, Bali is now the health spa capital of South-East Asia.
1. Best know for
2. Best knew for
3. Best known for
4. Best knowing for
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

(A) Be
large organizations, department stores and supermarkets can rent
(B) the best
shops, provide
(C) a wide selection
of goods and advertise
(D) effectively
.
(E) placeholder
(A) Kill
prey
(B) using
constriction, boa constrictors grow to
(C) four meters
long and come from
(D) tropical
forests in Central and South America.
(E) placeholder

Chapter 5 12 Units

Adverbs

Unit 32

Chapter 5

adverbs of manner

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Unit 33

Chapter 5

adverbs modifying adjectives

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Unit 34

Chapter 5

sometime, sometimes, and some time

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Unit 35

Chapter 5

no longer, not any longer, not anymore

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Unit 36

Chapter 5

'besides' and 'beside'

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Unit 37

Chapter 5

'instead' and 'instead of'

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Unit 38

Chapter 5

'very' versus 'too'

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Unit 39

Chapter 5

so + adjective/adverb + that clause

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Unit 40

Chapter 5

such + a + countable noun + that clause, so + adjective + a + countable noun + that clause

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Unit 41

Chapter 5

too + adjective + to infinitive

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Unit 42

Chapter 5

'such as' meaning for example

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Unit 43

Chapter 5

most (of the), all, almost all (of the)

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Chapter 6 2 Units

Articles

Unit 44

Chapter 6

the articles a' and 'an

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‘article’ a digunakan di depan kata atau frasa benda yang dapat dihitung yang dimulai dengan bunyi konsonan.
Contoh: a student, a book, a university, a school, a useful tool
Perhatikan bahwa walaupun kata atau frasa university dimulai dengan u, tetapi bunyi pertama dari kata atau frasa university adalah bunyi konsonan sehingga kita menggunakan article ‘a’.

‘article’ an digunakan di depan frasa benda yang dapat dihitung yang dimulai dengan bunyi vokal. Hal ini karena lebih mudah mengucapkan kata apple dengan menggunakan an daripada dengan a.
Contoh: an apple, an honor, an old man, an hour, an illegal business
Perhatikan bahwa walaupun kata honor dimulai dengan huruf h, tetapi bunyi pertama dari kata honor adalah bunyi vokal sehingga kita menggunakan article ‘an’. Huruf h yang tidak dibaca ini disebut the silent ‘h’.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	It is now possible for scientists to predict a earthquake.
	Benar	:	It is now possible for scientists to predict an earthquake.
2.	Salah	:	They generally see things with some optimism and an creative mind.
	Benar	:	They generally see things with some optimism and a creative mind.
3.	Salah	:	He has a active mind and a good personality.
	Benar	:	He has an active mind and a good personality.
4.	Salah	:	It’s a honor to be among wonderful people.
	Benar	:	It’s an honor to be among wonderful people.
5.	Salah	:	He suffers from an urinary infection.
	Benar	:	He suffers from a urinary infection.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Puppies kept awake of ____ are unable to survive more than ten days.
1. extended period of time
2. an extended period of time
3. a period extended of time
4. an period extended of time
5. placeholder
Most people who exited ____ were in a happy relationship three years later.
1. an unhappy relationship
2. a unhappy relationship
3. unhappy relationship
4. unhappy relationships
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

Our commitment is
(A) to create
an organization which nurtures the talents and enterprise of our people,
(B) helping
them
(C) to grow
and find fulfillment in
(D) a open culture
.
(E) placeholder
If every
(A) individual's
contribution
(B) could
be increased on
(C) a ongoing basis
, the organization, in
(D) totality
, would continually reach higher level of excellence.
(E) placeholder

Unit 45

Chapter 6

zero article + plural countable or uncountable noun

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‘zero article’ + noun menyatakan suatu benda secara umum. ‘zero article’ dapat digunakan dengan uncountable noun dan plural countable noun. Kata benda tanpa article ini mempunyai arti semua benda tersebut (all).

Contoh:

(a)	Music is very popular all over the world.
(b)	Mathematics is the most difficult subject for children.
(c)	Sharks live in the ocean.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	Stock are sold by the share, and some cost less than a dollar.
	Benar	:	Stocks are sold by the share, and some cost less than a dollar.
2.	Salah	:	You need the good judgment to be successful.
	Benar	:	You need good judgment to be successful.
3.	Salah	:	The children are usually lovely.
	Benar	:	Children are usually lovely.
4.	Salah	:	I am not opposed to the education.
	Benar	:	I am not opposed to education.
5.	Salah	:	A crop will grow, and the sun will shine.
	Benar	:	Crops will grow, and the sun will shine.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

____ is just one continuous struggle to feel good about ourselves.
1. Life
2. The life
3. Lives
4. A life
5. placeholder
What percentage of income goes to food, clothing, shelter, education, health care, transportation, amusement, insurance, taxes or ____?
1. saving
2. savings
3. the saving
4. the savings
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

In the United States,
(A) giving
a bribe is tantamount to
(B) admitting
that your product cannot
(C) compete
without
(D) a help
.
(E) placeholder
(A) A simple barter
is a swap of
(B) one
product for
(C) another
product without
(D) the
use of money.
(E) placeholder

Chapter 7 7 Units

Agreement

Unit 46

Chapter 7

the agreement between modified subjects and verbs

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Kata benda yang sesungguhnya harus sesuai dengan kata kerja. Jika kata benda yang sesungguhnya adalah tunggal, maka kata kerja juga harus tunggal. Jika kata benda yang sesungguhnya adalah jamak, maka kata kerja harus jamak. Kata benda yang demikian biasanya diikuti oleh prepositional phrase, yaitu suatu frasa yang dimulai dengan preposisi.

(a)	The facilities at the hotel are not what we have been looking for.
(b)	The writing of all his books was done in the year 2000.
(c)	The good relationship between the two friends has given us an inspiration to write a book.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	The study of languages are a must.
	Benar	:	The study of languages is a must.
2.	Salah	:	The effects of smoking is harmful.
	Benar	:	The effects of smoking are harmful.
3.	Salah	:	The quality of these products are bad.
	Benar	:	The quality of these products is bad.
4.	Salah	:	The typical weather patterns of an area over many years is called ‘climate’.
	Benar	:	The typical weather patterns of an area over many years are called ‘climate’.
5.	Salah	:	The drastic changes in our planet’s climate has played a big part in human evolution.
	Benar	:	The drastic changes in our planet’s climate have played a big part in human evolution.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

The treatment of diseases with herbs and plants ____ herbalism.
1. calls
2. are called
3. called
4. is called
5. placeholder
Women of the mixed parentage ____: strong facial bones coupled with exotic coloring.
1. has best of both worlds
2. have best of both worlds
3. having best of both worlds
4. Bis having best of both worlds
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

A study
(A) done
by the Mayo Clinic in California
(B) have shown
that the
(C) non-snoring
partner wakes up an average of 20 times a night – which over time may develop into
(D) a sleeping disorder
..
(E) placeholder
(A) Office hours
for your skin
(B) begins
when
(C) the body
is in
(D) its
total resting phase – about four hours after you arrive in slumber land.
(E) placeholder

Unit 47

Chapter 7

the agreement between subject with accompaniment and verb

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Subyek yang sesungguhnyalah yang harus sesuai dengan kata kerja. Subyek yang menemani subyek sesungguhnya tidak diperhitungkan. Kata-kata yang digunakan untuk menemani subyek yang sesungguhnya adalah: with, accompanied by, along with, together with, including, as well as.

Contoh:

(a)	The mother, accompanied by her children, is leaving for her hometown.
(b)	The teacher, with his students, is protesting against the new regulation.
(c)	The manager, along with one of his staff, always stands at the door to welcome the first customers.
(d)	The boss, together with his staff, is celebrating his birthday.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	The pen, together with the shoes, cost more than five dollars.
	Benar	:	The pen, together with the shoes, costs more than five dollars.
2.	Salah	:	The boy, including two other children, were injured in the accident.
	Benar	:	The boy, including two other children, was injured in the accident.
3.	Salah	:	The terrorist, along with three hostages, were killed.
	Benar	:	The terrorist, along with three hostages, was killed.
4.	Salah	:	The car, together with the key, have to be returned now.
	Benar	:	The car, together with the key, has to be returned now.
5.	Salah	:	John, as well as the other students, are invited to the farewell party.
	Benar	:	John, as well as the other students, is invited to the farewell party.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

____ Mr. White in the room, together with his friends.
1. There are
2. There is
3. There
4. There were
5. placeholder
The girl, accompanied by her parents, ____ an interview as to how it happened.
1. is giving
2. are giving
3. give
4. were giving
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

Beta-carotene,
(A) together with
vitamins,
(B) work
to maintain high antioxidant
(C) activity
in
(D) the cells
..
(E) placeholder
The Federal Reserve Board
(A) in
Washington,
(B) together with
the 12 Federal Reserve Banks,
(C) constitute
the
(D) the American central bank
.
(E) placeholder

Unit 48

Chapter 7

the agreement between 'subject with appositive' and verb

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Subyek yang sesungguhnyalah yang harus sesuai dengan kata kerja. Kata benda apositif juga harus sesuai dengan subyek yang sesungguhnya. Jika subyek adalah tunggal, kata benda apositif dan kata kerja juga harus tunggal dan jika subyek adalah jamak, kata benda apositif dan kata kerja harus jamak.

Contoh:

(a)	This computer, a modern tool, is very useful.
(b)	The students, children under five, are very prone to illness.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	The winner, John, major in architecture and is married with two children.
	Benar	:	The winner, John, majors in architecture and is married with two children.
2.	Salah	:	Several mistakes, fragments and run-ons, is to be avoided in writing.
	Benar	:	Several mistakes, fragments and run-ons, are to be avoided in writing.
3.	Salah	:	The memo, a means of communication, are written to employees of lower rank, equal rank or higher rank.
	Benar	:	The memo, a means of communication, is written to employees of lower rank, equal rank or higher rank.
4.	Salah	:	The suffix, a group of letters added to a word to change its meaning, are often used in writing.
	Benar	:	The suffix, a group of letters added to a word to change its meaning, is often used in writing.
5.	Salah	:	The traditional medicine, herbs and plants, are still used in our culture.
	Benar	:	The traditional medicine, herbs and plants, is still used in our culture.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Frog curry, a local delicacy, ____ familiar to most people.
1. are not
2. is not
3. were not
4. have not been
5. placeholder
Lignite, an inferior form of coal, ____ a prized mineral.
1. has become
2. have become
3. are becoming
4. were becoming
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

The Social Security Fund,
(A) a
comprehensive compensation package,
(B) cover
sickness, maternity, disability, and death and
(C) its
benefits are expected
(D) to extend
to childcare, old age and unemployment.
(E) placeholder
Colostrum,
(A) the
first milk produced after birth,
(B) are
important
(C) for
nutrition, growth and
(D) immune
function.
(E) placeholder

Unit 49

Chapter 7

the agreement between 'there/here' and 'verb'

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‘there’ dan here digunakan di posisi subyek kalimat. Subyek yang sesungguhnya menyusul kemudian. Jika subyek (noun) yang menyusul kemudian adalah jamak (plural), kita menggunakan kata kerja jamak (plural verb), dan jika subyek (noun) yang menyusul adalah tunggal (singular), kita menggunakan kata kerja tunggal (singular verb).

Contoh:

(a)	There were only a few people at the party last night.
(b)	Is there a bus-stop nearby?
(c)	Here is your coffee.
(d)	Here are the books that you want to borrow.
(e)	There have been a few proposals on human rights.
(f)	There has been a strong objection to the proposal.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	There has been several ice ages followed by periods of warming.
	Benar	:	There have been several ice ages followed by periods of warming.
2.	Salah	:	There was heavy rains in the South.
	Benar	:	There were heavy rains in the South.
3.	Salah	:	There is similar agreements with communities in India, Mexico and Nepal.
	Benar	:	There are similar agreements with communities in India, Mexico and Nepal.
4.	Salah	:	Here are a sketch of the office.
	Benar	:	Here is a sketch of the office.
5.	Salah	:	Here are the pen that I said I would show you.
	Benar	:	Here is the pen that I said I would show you.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

____ some examples of things we have done and are still doing.
1. There is
2. Here are
3. Here is
4. There are
5. placeholder
____ in this type of business unit.
1. There is advantage
2. There is some advantages
3. There are some advantage
4. There are some advantages
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

(A) There are
no reliable evidence that breast
(B) size
, implants or birth control pills
(C) increase
the risk of breast
(D) cancer
.
(E) placeholder
(A) There is
no magic foods that will
(B) undo
the
(C) harm
of
(D) smoking
.
(E) placeholder

Unit 50

Chapter 7

the agreement between indefinite subject and verb

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‘indefinite subject’ berikut memerlukan kata kerja tunggal (singular verb): anyone, anything, something, somebody, someone, anybody, everyone, everybody, everything, each, either, neither, no one, nothing, what, whatever, whoever.

Contoh:

(a)	Is there anyone you have met before?
(b)	Is there anything I can do for you?
(c)	Each student is to be given a pair of shoes.
(d)	Everyone who has the ticket will definitely get a seat.
(e)	No one is going to die here.
(f)	Neither the book nor the pen is going to be sold.
(g)	Whoever comes late will be punished.
(h)	What causes such an accident?

‘indefinite subject’ berikut dapat menggunakan kata kerja tunggal atau jamak tergantung dari konteks kalimat: all, any, some, the rest.

Contoh:

(a)	This one is good, but the rest are bad.
(b)	All (of them) are here.
(c)	All of it is good.
(d)	Some (chocolate) is good, and some is bad.
(e)	Some of them don’t like it.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	Do you know someone who like fishing?
	Benar	:	Do you know someone who likes fishing?
2.	Salah	:	Everyone agree that cucumbers are a fruit.
	Benar	:	Everyone agrees that cucumbers are a fruit.
3.	Salah	:	No one like being criticized.
	Benar	:	No one likes being criticized.
4.	Salah	:	Nothing are going to change my love for music.
	Benar	:	Nothing is going to change my love for music.
5.	Salah	:	All (men) is equal.
	Benar	:	All (men) are equal.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

The only ones responsible for the divorce ___ your parents.
1. are
2. is
3. be
4. are being
5. placeholder
Our economy is so big that it creates phenomenal opportunities for ___ use their muscle, brains and money to advance their financial well-being.
1. all who wants to
2. all who are wanting to
3. all who wanted to
4. all who want to
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

Everybody
(A) require
vitamins and minerals to help transmit electrical impulses, lipids to repair cell
(B) membranes
and water to maintain the
(C) fluids
in which many of the chemical processes
(D) take
place.
(E) placeholder
A home interior is something
(A) intensely
personal that
(B) reflect
not only the
(C) owner's
character and lifestyle
(D) but also
taste and knowledge.
(E) placeholder

Unit 51

Chapter 7

subjects agree with possessive adjectives he â†’ his

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‘subjects’ harus menggunakan possessive adjectives yang sesuai.

Berikut adalah subject pronouns dan possessive adjectives yang digunakan berpasangan:

Subject Pronouns		Possessive Pronouns
I	→	my
you	→	your
he	→	his
she	→	her
it	→	its
we	→	our
you	→	your
they	→	their

Contoh:

(a)	The parents are reconsidering their decisions.
(b)	He has his own thinking.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	We seek dependable partnership with its customers.
	Benar	:	We seek dependable partnership with our customers.
2.	Salah	:	Grandparents can teach us a great deal because of his long experience of life.
	Benar	:	Grandparents can teach us a great deal because of their long experience of life.
3.	Salah	:	Shoppers can easily pay for his purchases.
	Benar	:	Shoppers can easily pay for their purchases.
4.	Salah	:	She has several salespersons working under their supervision.
	Benar	:	She has several salespersons working under her supervision.
5.	Salah	:	This concept of service enables the customers to choose his goods unhurriedly.
	Benar	:	This concept of service enables the customers to choose their goods unhurriedly.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Bangkok is legendary for ____ crisscross of canals and was once nicknamed “the Venice of the East”.
1. his
2. their
3. its
4. her
5. placeholder
Modern people are renowned for ____ restraint and relaxed, but subdued, behavior.
1. theirs
2. her
3. his
4. their
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

Each adult female
(A) mosquito
can
(B) live
up to three weeks and
(C) lay
up to 700 eggs in
(D) their lifetime
.
(E) placeholder
Built-operate-transfer contracts let a concessionaire build a project and retain exclusive
(A) rights
to operate
(B) it
for a specific duration, while transferring
(C) their
ownership to
(D) the
government.
(E) placeholder

Unit 52

Chapter 7

subjects in agreement with appositive nouns

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Jika subyek dalam bentuk jamak, maka appositive nouns harus dalam bentuk jamak dan jika subyek dalam bentuk tunggal, maka appositive nouns harus dalam bentuk tunggal.

Contoh:

(a)	Mary, a pretty girl of seventeen, studies so hard that she was the best student at school.
(b)	The people of my hometown, mostly hard workers, are friendly and kind.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	Weapons, knife and guns, are dangerous for children.
	Benar	:	Weapons, knives and guns, are dangerous for children.
2.	Salah	:	The lecture, one-hour sessions, will start in ten minutes.
	Benar	:	The lecture, a one-hour session, will start in ten minutes.
3.	Salah	:	Her boyfriend, graduates of Harvard, is thirty years old.
	Benar	:	Her boyfriend, a graduate of Harvard, is thirty years old
4.	Salah	:	A public company, companies with at least seven shareholders, can make public issues to raise capital.
	Benar	:	A public company, a company with at least seven shareholders, can make public issues to raise capital.
5.	Salah	:	The capital, a money described as wealth used to produce wealth, consists of machinery, tools, factory buildings, raw materials, partly finished goods and means of transport.
	Benar	:	The capital, money described as wealth used to produce wealth, consists of machinery, tools, factory buildings, raw materials, partly finished goods and means of transport.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

L’Oreal, ____, acquired Maybelline, a U.S. brand in 1996.
1. the French cosmetics giants
2. the French cosmetics giant
3. French cosmetics giant
4. French cosmetics giant
5. placeholder
Sarah Lee, ____, has 25,000 trademarks registered worldwide, 80% of which are in current use.
1. a U.S. Fortune 500 company
2. U.S. Fortune 500 company
3. U.S Fortune 500 companies
4. the U.S Fortune 500 companies
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

Heinz,
(A) ones
of the leading canned soup brands in the United Kingdom,
(B) has
an 87
(C) percent
share of the private label soup
(D) market
in the United States.
(E) placeholder
In
(A) Chinese medicine
, acupuncture,
(B) form
of physical therapy,
(C) is
used
(D) as an adjunct
to herbology.
(E) placeholder

Chapter 8 5 Units

Causative Verbs

Unit 53

Chapter 8

causative verb 'make

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‘causative verbs’ adalah kata kerja yang menyatakan sebab. Dalam kalimat causative subyek kalimat menyebabkan orang atau sesuatu melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Kata-kata yang demikian adalah make, get, have, help, let.

Konstruksi kalimat dengan causative ‘make’ adalah:
make + someone/something + infinitive:

(a)	My father made me do it.
(b)	I made the machine run.

Examples:

Salah	:	Don’t make me to do it
Salah	:	Don’t make me doing it.
Salah	:	Don’t make me did it.
Salah	:	Don’t make me to did it.
Benar	:	Don’t make me do it.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

He ___ the dishes
1. made her prepare dinner and wash
2. made her preparing dinner and wash
3. made her prepared dinner and wash
4. made her to prepared dinner and washed
5. placeholder
I can't make this car ___.
1. start
2. starts
3. started
4. to start
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

(A) Drinking
too
(B) much
water can make you
(C) feeling
as
(D) unhealthy
as drinking too little water.
(E) placeholder
Can
(A) anyone
explain
(B) what
makes
(C) the earthquake

(D) happened
?
(E) placeholder

Unit 54

Chapter 8

causative 'have

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‘have’ adalah kata kerja yang dapat digunakan untuk menyebabkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu.

Contoh:

(1)	have + someone + infinitive
	(a)	The lecturer had us do our exercise.
	(b)	The manager had his secretary type the letter.

(2)	have + something + past participle
	(a)	I have my car repaired.
	(b)	I have my hair cut.

(3)	have + somebody + present participle
	(a)	The film soon had us crying.
	(b)	The mechanic soon had the machine working again.

(4)	have + somebody + adjective
	(a)	The news had me nervous.
	(b)	His lecture had me mixed up.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	The man had the mechanic fixes his car.
	Salah	:	The man had the mechanic fixed his car.
	Salah	:	The man had the mechanic be fixed the car.
	Salah	:	The man had the mechanic to fix the car.
	Benar	:	The man had the mechanic fix the car.
2.	Salah	:	He had the wills changing.
	Salah	:	He had the wills change.
	Salah	:	He had the wills changes.
	Salah	:	He had the wills be changed.
	Salah	:	He had the wills to change.
	Salah	:	He had the wills to be changed.
	Benar	:	He had the wills changed.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

His behavior ___.
1. had his mother frustrate
2. had his mother frustrated
3. had his mother been frustrated
4. had his mother being frustrated
5. placeholder
I will ___.
1. have all the furniture thrown away
2. have all the furniture be thrown away
3. have all the furniture threw away
4. have all the furniture to be thrown away
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

The
(A) defense
lawyer said that
(B) the child's behavior

(C) had
his mother
(D) agitate
.
(E) placeholder
He
(A) had
his name
(B) being printed
in the books which were
(C) sold

(D) worldwide
.
(E) placeholder

Unit 55

Chapter 8

causative 'get

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‘causative’ get mempunyai arti menyebabkan seseorang atau sesuatu melakukan sesuatu.

Contoh:

(1)	get + someone + to + infinitive
	I will get him to do it.

(2)	get + someone/something + verb + ing
	(a)	I will get the car going.
	(b)	I will get him doing his homework.

(3)	get + (someone/something) + adjective/past participle
	(a)	I will get him ready/dressed.
	(b)	I will get the car repaired.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	We will get John fixes the machine.
	Salah	:	We will get John fixed the machine.
	Salah	:	We will get John be fixed the machine.
	Salah	:	We will get John fix the machine.
	Benar	:	We will get John to fix the machine.
2.	Salah	:	We don’t want to get trapping.
	Salah	:	We don’t want to get trap.
	Salah	:	We don’t want to get to trap.
	Salah	:	We don’t want to get be trapped.
	Benar	:	We don’t want to get trapped.
3.	Salah	:	We will get the gate be painted.
	Salah	:	We will get the gate pain.
	Salah	:	We will get the gate paints.
	Salah	:	We will get the gate painting.
	Benar	:	We will get the gate painted.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Let’s get it ____ immediately.
1. do
2. done
3. did
4. doing
5. placeholder
Would you please get the office boy ___ a copy of this.
1. making
2. to make
3. made
4. makes
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

(A) In order to
minimize the punishment, the defense
(B) has
to get all
(C) evidence

(D) present
in court..
(E) placeholder
He
(A) eventually
got
(B) the police

(C) disperse
the demonstrators just a few moments before the Prime Minister
(D) arrived
.
(E) placeholder

Unit 56

Chapter 8

causative 'let'

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‘let’ dapat juga digunakan sebagai causative verb. ‘let’ ini mempunyai konstruksi: ‘let’ + someone/something + infinitive

Contoh:

(1)	let + someone + infinitive
	(a)	My mother lets me go hiking.
	(b)	He lets me borrow his pen.

(2)	let + something + infinitive
	(a)	You need to let the machine cool (down) before you can use it again.
	(b)	We can’t let it stop as it takes a long time to reheat it.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	He will never let anybody borrowed his things.
	Benar	:	He will never let anybody borrow his things.
2.	Salah	:	He lets conflicts to arise in his company.
	Benar	:	He lets conflicts arise in his company.
3.	Salah	:	Please let me going.
	Benar	:	Please let me go.
4.	Salah	:	Don’t let it escapes.
	Benar	:	Don’t let it escape.
5.	Salah	:	Her mother will not let her staying late.
	Benar	:	Her mother will not let her stay late.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Don't let him ___ advantage of you.
1. take
2. took
3. takes
4. taking
5. placeholder
I won't let such things ___me.
1. bothered
2. bother
3. bothering
4. to bother
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

Do you
(A) know
why most
(B) countries
will not
(C) let
the tourists
(D) to stay
more than three months?
(E) placeholder
Let it
(A) rests
for a while before we make it
(B) perform
one more
(C) time
on
(D) the stage
.
(E) placeholder

Unit 57

Chapter 8

causative 'help

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‘help’ juga dapat digunakan sebagai causative verb. ‘help’ digunakan dengan konstruksi: help + someone + (to) + infinitive. Perhatikan bahwa to adalah optional, yaitu dapat digunakan dapat juga tidak.

Contoh:
‘help’ + someone + (to) Infinitive

(a)	I help my mother (to) wash the dishes.
(b)	My brother helped me (to) do my homework.

Examples:

Salah	:	This book helps you understanding grammar.
Salah	:	This book helps you understood grammar.
Salah	:	This book helps you to understood grammar.
Salah	:	This book helps you to understanding grammar.
Benar	:	This book helps you (to) understand grammar.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

This book will help you ___ yourself grammar.
1. teaching
2. taught
3. to teach
4. be taught
5. placeholder
This security system will help us ___ any suspicious objects at an early stage.
1. detects
2. detecting
3. detected
4. detect
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

In
(A) the year
2500 the computers will help students
(B) studying
at home without
(C) having
to go to
(D) school
for face-to-face meetings.
(E) placeholder
(A) No one
can help you
(B) succeding
in
(C) this
world of
(D) hardship
.
(E) placeholder

Chapter 9 16 Units

Verbs

Unit 58

Chapter 9

know + something (expressing knowledge), know how to + infinitive (expressing ability)

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Unit 59

Chapter 9

need + verb + ing, need to be + past participle

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Unit 60

Chapter 9

had hoped

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Unit 61

Chapter 9

transitive and intransitive verbs

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Unit 62

Chapter 9

verb + to + verb

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Unit 63

Chapter 9

verb + verb + ing

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Unit 64

Chapter 9

irregular past forms

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Unit 65

Chapter 9

verb + preposition + verb + ing

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Unit 66

Chapter 9

'say' and 'tell'

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Unit 67

Chapter 9

borrow and lend

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Unit 68

Chapter 9

'make' and 'do

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Unit 69

Chapter 9

verb + ing (gerund) as subject; to infinitive as subject

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Unit 70

Chapter 9

verb + adjective

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Unit 71

Chapter 9

verbs of perception + adjective

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Unit 72

Chapter 9

'verb + ing' and 'verb + ed' phrases (participle phrases) as modifiers

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Unit 73

Chapter 9

the + noun+of+ verb + ing

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Chapter 10 5 Units

Expressions of Quantity: a little, a few

Unit 74

Chapter 10

little, a few

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‘a little’ dan a few berkonotasi positif. ‘a little’ mempunyai arti sedikit dan digunakan dengan kata benda yang tak bisa dihitung (uncountable noun), sedangkan a few mempunyai arti beberapa dan digunakan dengan kata benda jamak yang dapat dihitung (plural countable noun). ‘little’ dan few berkonotasi negatif dengan arti yang sama, yaitu tidak banyak. ‘little’ digunakan dengan kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung (uncountable noun), sedangkan few digunakan dengan kata benda jamak yang dapat dihitung (countable plural noun).

Contoh:

(1)	a little + uncountable noun
	(a)	May I have a little rice, please?
	(b)	There is still a little milk in the fridge.

(2)	a few + plural countable noun
	(a)	I have a few good books?
	(b)	We made a few mistakes.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	Give me a few money.
	Benar	:	Give me a little money.
2.	Salah	:	She does not speak much Chinese. She speaks a little Chinese.
	Benar	:	She does not speak much Chinese. She speaks little Chinese.
3.	Salah	:	There are a lot of accidents on the road, but accidents at work are a few.
	Benar	:	There are a lot of accidents on the road, but accidents at work are few.
4.	Salah	:	It is a tough business. A few people are successful.
	Benar	:	It is a tough business. Few people are successful.
5.	Salah	:	I will give you few suggestions.
	Benar	:	I will give you a few suggestions.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Whatever ____ I have is spent on watching television and catching up on sleep.
1. free little time
2. few free time
3. a few free time
4. little free time
5. placeholder
As with many complex situations in life, ____ goes a long way.
1. a few of shared understanding
2. little shared understanding
3. a few shared understanding
4. few shared understanding
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

One of the biggest
(A) problems
people
(B) with
a mental illness face is discrimination, ridicule, isolation and hostility
(C) from
a society that has
(D) a little
understanding of mental illness.
(E) placeholder
(A) Most of
us think that we understand
(B) how
metabolism works, but
(C) a few
of us actually
(D) do
.
(E) placeholder

Unit 75

Chapter 10

few and little

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‘few’ dan ‘little’ berkonotasi negatif. ‘few’ mempunyai arti tidak banyak dan digunakan dengan kata benda yang dapat dihitung (plural countable noun), sedangkan little mempunyai arti yang sama, yaitu tidak banyak tetapi digunakan dengan kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung (uncountable noun).

Contoh:

(1)	few + plural countable noun
	(a)	She doesn’t have many good friends. She has few good friends.
	(b)	Few students fail in the examination.

(2)	little + uncountable noun
	(a)	I don’t have much money. I have little money.
	(b)	Little knowledge is gained from training.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	They have little friends.
	Benar	:	They have few friends.
2.	Salah	:	Little people know what is going on.
	Benar	:	Few people know what is going on.
3.	Salah	:	He has few knowledge of English.
	Benar	:	He has little knowledge of English.
4.	Salah	:	He gave me few advice.
	Benar	:	He gave me little advice.
5.	Salah	:	There is few information on that matter.
	Benar	:	There is little information on that matter.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

There are ____ which people spend little on.
1. few vegetables
2. little vegetables
3. a little vegetables
4. little of vegetables
5. placeholder
In Asian countries sweets abound, but they have ____ in common with Western-style candies.
1. little
2. few
3. a few
4. many
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

(A) Little
topics in international business
(B) have attracted
as
(C) much
attention and discussion in recent years
(D) as
intellectual rights.
(E) placeholder
The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office has
(A) few
or no legal
(B) recourse
trademarks
(C) used
by foreign companies
(D) outside
the United States.
(E) placeholder

Unit 76

Chapter 10

much and many

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‘many’ mempunyai arti banyak dan digunakan dengan kata benda jamak yang dapat dihitung (plural countable noun), sedangkan much mempunyai arti yang sama, yaitu ‘banyak’ dan digunakan dengan kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung (uncountable noun).

Contoh:

(1)	many + plural countable noun
	(a)	I don’t have many dictionaries.
	(b)	Many students are good at English.

(2)	much + uncountable noun
	(a)	I don’t have much money.
	(b)	How much petrol is there in the tank?

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	There isn’t many news today.
	Benar	:	There isn’t much news today.
2.	Salah	:	How many is the price?
	Benar	:	How much is the price?
3.	Salah	:	This stage demands that you have much files, brochures and referrals.
	Benar	:	This stage demands that you have many files, brochures and referrals.
4.	Salah	:	Product information may take much forms.
	Benar	:	Product information may take many forms.
5.	Salah	:	Much banks target the commercial customers and use their branch network to service them.
	Benar	:	Many banks target the commercial customers and use their branch network to service them.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Due to low transit times, greater ease of unloading and distribution and higher predictability, ____ use airfreight.
1. many firms
2. much firms
3. lots firm
4. a lot firm
5. placeholder
___ which were coined by William Shakespeare are still in use today.
1. Many word and phrase
2. Many words and phrase
3. Much words and phrases
4. Many words and phrases
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

It is a sad fact that
(A) much
children are
(B) employed
for long
(C) hours
making carpets or cigarettes or doing
(D) other
unskilled and repetitive tasks.
(E) placeholder
The rivers are
(A) too
shallow during the dry season and
(B) their
powerful currents during the rainy season do not provide
(C) many
animal life from
(D) flourishing
.
(E) placeholder

Unit 77

Chapter 10

only a few, only a little

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‘only’ hanya dikombinasikan dengan a few atau a little. ‘only’ tidak digunakan dengan few atau little. ‘only a few’ digunakan dengan plural countable noun, sedangkan only a little digunakan dengan uncountable noun.

Contoh:

(1)	only a few
	(a)	There are only a few people coming to the party.
	(b)	Only a few students failed in the test.

(2)	only a little
	(a)	We have only a little work to do.
	(b)	Only a few exceptions can be made.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	Only few people know how to be rich and stay rich.
	Benar	:	Only a few people know how to be rich and stay rich.
2.	Salah	:	Only few salespersons remember the names of their customers after six months of their sales.
	Benar	:	Only a few salespersons remember the names of their customers after six months of their sales.
3.	Salah	:	Only little money will be provided for college.
	Benar	:	Only a little money will be provided for college.
4.	Salah	:	Only a few patience is needed in order to get what you want.
	Benar	:	Only a little patience is needed in order to get what you want.
5.	Salah	:	They need only a little chairs.
	Benar	:	They need only a few chairs.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

In competitive markets, ____ continuously productive and profitable organizations survive and grow.
1. only few
2. only little
3. only a little
4. only a few
5. placeholder
____ parents can resist having a favorite.
1. Only a few
2. Only few
3. Only a little
4. Only little
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

(A) Only few
moments of legs being forcibly held
(B) suffice
to make an infant’s face
(C) redden
as he squirms, screams and makes violent attempts to free
(D) himself
.
(E) placeholder
There are a
(A) number
of unreliable methods of mate selection,
(B) only few
of which will be discussed
(C) briefly
here: phrenology, palmistry,
(D) fortune telling
, astrology and physiognomy.
(E) placeholder

Unit 78

Chapter 10

a large/small number of, a large/small amount of

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‘a large number of’ mempunyai arti many (banyak), sedangkan a small number
of mempunyai arti a few (beberapa). ‘a large (small) number of’ menggunakan
kata kerja jamak (plural verb).

‘a large amount of’ mempunyai arti much (banyak), sedangkan a small amount of mempunyai arti a little (sedikit). ‘a large (small) amount of’ menggunakan kata kerja tunggal (singular verb).

Contoh:

(1)	a large/small number of + countable plural noun
	(a)	A large number of people go to the mall every day.
	(b)	A large number of students are waiting for you.

(2)	a large/small amount of + uncountable noun
	(a)	A large (small) amount of salt is needed.
	(b)	A large (small) amount of money was stolen.

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	There are a large amount of good universities in our country.
	Benar	:	There are a large number of good universities in our country.
2.	Salah	:	A large numbers of information comes from him every day.
	Benar	:	A large amount of information comes from him every day.
3.	Salah	:	He put a small number of sugar in his tea.
	Benar	:	He put a small amount of sugar in his tea.
4.	Salah	:	He needs a large number of money to invest in oil exploration.
	Benar	:	He needs a large amount of money to invest in oil exploration.
5.	Salah	:	A small amount of animals have died.
	Benar	:	A small number of animals have died.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Managing such ____ organizations presents a great challenge.
1. a large amount of
2. a large numbers of
3. a large number
4. a large number of
5. placeholder
A typical Thai meal consists of spiced meat and vegetables served with ____ rice.
1. a large numbers of
2. large amount of
3. a large amount of
4. a large number of
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

Money can bring you a large
(A) amount
of things
(B) such as
beautiful possessions,
(C) prestige
, the ability to create and
(D) even
change the world, but it also can bring you great sadness.
(E) placeholder
A large
(A) amount
of soldiers
(B) were involved
in
(C) the
war and were
(D) missing
in action.
(E) placeholder

Chapter 11 17 Units

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives/Adverbs

Unit 79

Chapter 11

comparative adjectives

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Kita menggunakan akhiran adjective + -er + than jika adjective tersebut terdiri dari satu atau dua suku kata, sedangkan untuk adjective yang terdiri dari dua suku kata atau lebih dari dua suku kata, kita menggunakan more + adjective + than. Perhatikan bahwa untuk adjective yang terdiri dari dua suku kata, ada yang menggunakan adjective + -er + than, ada yang menggunakan more + adjective + than. Untuk adjective yang demikian, kita harus menghafalkannya. Untuk mengetahui hal tersebut, kita juga dapat memeriksanya di dalam kamus. Kamus yang baik memberitahukan kita hal ini.

Contoh:

(1)	adjective yang terdiri dari satu atau dua suku kata
	(a)	big → bigger, strong → stronger, weak → weaker, tall → taller, short → shorter
		He is bigger than I am / than me.
	(b)	busy → busier, happy → happier, pretty → prettier
		She is busier than her brother (is) / than him.

(2)	adjective yang terdiri dari lebih dari dua suku kata
	(a)	spacious → more spacious, careless → more careless, careful → more careful
		She is more careful than her sister (is).
	(b)	difficult → more difficult, beautiful → more beautiful, expensive → more expensive
		This car is more expensive than that one.

Untuk menyatakan ‘kurang’ (lawan dari ‘more’), kita menggunakan ‘less’ seperti dalam: This book is less expensive than that one.

Tata Cara Penambahan akhiran -er pada kata sifat (adjectives)

(1)	Tambahkan akhiran -er pada adjective yang terdiri dari satu suku kata.
(2)	Jika adjective terdiri dari tiga suku kata gunakan more.
(3)	Jika adjective terdiri dari dua suku kata, periksa di kamus karena adjective yang bersuku kata dua ini ada yang menggunakan akhiran -er dan ada yang menggunakan more. Ada juga yang menggunakan keduanya seperti handsome → more handsome atau handsomer dan polite → more polite atau politer.
(4)	Gunakan more untuk adjective yang berakhiran -ed, -ful, -ing, dan -ous
	Contoh: more surprised, more beautiful, more boring, more dangerous.
(5)	Jika adjective yang terdiri dari satu suku kata tersebut berakhiran huruf mati dan didahului oleh huruf hidup, penulisan huruf mati harus didobel (big → bigger, hot → hotter).
(6)	Jika adjective berakhiran konsonan + y, akhiran -y berubah menjadi -ier (happy → happier, funny → funnier).

Examples:

1.	Salah	:	She is attractiver than you are.
	Benar	:	She is more acttractive than you are.
2.	Salah	:	I exercise because it makes me more stronger and better able to cope with stress.
	Benar	:	I exercise because it makes me stronger and better able to cope with stress.
3.	Salah	:	She has been more busy recently than she was before.
	Benar	:	She has been busier recently than she was before.
4.	Salah	:	He is more careless as I have thought.
	Benar	:	He is more careless than I have thought.
5.	Salah	:	This book is more expensive from that one.
	Benar	:	This book is more expensive than that one.

Exercises

Part A : Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

House plants can make your home or office environment ____ and even healthier.
1. more friendly
2. friendlier
3. the most friendly
4. more friendlier
5. placeholder
Secondary data are usually ____ primary data.
1. more cheap and less time consuming to gather than
2. more cheaper and less time consuming to gather than
3. cheap and less time consuming to gather than
4. cheaper and less time consuming to gather than
5. placeholder

Part B : Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

One of
(A) a much important
aspects of any change in lifestyle is
(B) being aware of
the rewards it
(C) will bring
you and
(D) enjoying
them as they arrive.
(E) placeholder
Product
(A) ideas

(B) derived
from the marketplace are
(C) much
likely to be successful than ideas that came from technical
(D) work
or in-house laboratories.

(1)	Nama orang	:	three boys, two men, one mother
(2)	Nama benda	:	three books, two pencils, one pen
(3)	Nama binatang	:	three rabbits, two animals, one cat
(4)	Nama tempat	:	three restaurants, two hotels, on house
(5)	Nama ide	:	three ideas, two dreams, one plan
(6)	Satuan ukuran	:	three inches, two meters, one pound

(1)	Bentuknya cair: oil, petrol, water, coffee
(2)	Sesuatu yang tak terhitung banyaknya: sugar, salt, rice, grass
(3)	Sesuatu yang menyatu tak terpisahkan: chocolate, cotton, glass, gold, ice
(4)	Bentuknya gas: air, oxygen, pollution, smoke
(5)	Kata benda abstrak: beauty, music, faith, richness, patience, joy
(6)	Bahasa: English, Chinese, Indonesian, Japanese, German, French, Dutch, Italian
(7)	Nama bidang ilmu: history, mathematics, chemistry, phonology, literature, politics
(8)	Cabang olah raga: tennis, badminton, football, athletics, basketball, chess
(9)	Benda yang berhubungan dengan alam: sunshine, thunder, weather, heat, gravity
(10)	Kata benda dari kata kerja + ing: dancing, running, swimming, walking
(11)	Sekelompok benda yang berbentuk satu kesatuan yang tak terpisahkan: baggage, equipment, food, fruit, furniture, garbage, jewelry, machinery, money, clothing

(a)	We found a hair in the soup. (countable)
	She has beautiful long hair. (uncountable)
(b)	Would you like a glass of water? (countable)
	The door is made of glass. (uncountable)
(c)	There is a fire. (countable)
	Are you afraid of fire? (uncountable)

1.	Salah	:	It was done without my authorities.
	Benar	:	It was done without my authority.
	authority	:	the legal right to control
2.	Salah	:	I don’t like children who lack parental controls.
	Benar	:	I don’t like children who lack parental control.
	control	:	the power or authority to direct or manage
3.	Salah	:	He has all the modern convenience.
	Benar	:	He has all the modern conveniences.
	convenience	:	an appliance or device that is helpful and useful
4.	Salah	:	I don’t understand his silences on this matter.
	Benar	:	I don’t understand his silence on this matter.
	silence	:	the state of not speaking
5.	Salah	:	He has a poor sight.
	Benar	:	He has poor sight.
	sight	:	the ability to see

(a)	Chocolate milk is milk, so you have to drink it, not eat it.
	(chocolate digunakan untuk menerangkan milk)
(b)	Milk chocolate is chocolate, so you have to eat it, not drink it.
	(milk digunakan untuk menerangkan chocolate)

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(a)	I have five English dictionaries at home.
(b)	We have sold seven hundred pairs of shoes in the last two months.
(c)	There are twenty students altogether.

1.	Salah	:	There is only twenty dollar in my pocket.
	Benar	:	There is only twenty dollars in my pocket.
2.	Salah	:	I have a friend who can speak five language.
	Benar	:	I have a friend who can speak five languages.
3.	Salah	:	How many pairs of shoe do you have?
	Benar	:	How many pairs of shoes do you have?
4.	Salah	:	There are several category of countable nouns.
	Benar	:	There are several categories of countable nouns.
5.	Salah	:	You should always keep both party happy.
	Benar	:	You should always keep both parties happy.

(a)	Garbage has to be thrown away every day.
(b)	Do you speak Chinese?
(c)	Rice is what we need at the moment.

1.	Salah	:	Both parties have to have trusts, respect, understanding and friendship between them if any type of contract is going to be signed and honored.
	Benar	:	Both parties have to have trust, respect, understanding and friendship between them if any type of contract is going to be signed and honored.
2.	Salah	:	If the customer knows that you are someone special, it will help you to achieve more control and authorities.
	Benar	:	If the customer knows that you are someone special, it will help you to achieve more control and authority.
3.	Salah	:	Would you like to have some coffees?
	Benar	:	Would you like to have some coffee?
4.	Salah	:	Which subject do you like better, mathematic or science?
	Benar	:	Which subject do you like better, mathematics or science?
5.	Salah	:	The door is made of irons.
	Benar	:	The door is made of iron.

(a)	Would you like a bar of soap?
(b)	I only have two pieces of baggage.

1.	Salah	:	We need to buy a new furniture for the living-room.
	Benar	:	We need a new piece of furniture for the living-room.
2.	Salah	:	New piece of machinery are coming in to increase the productivity.
	Benar	:	New pieces of machinery are coming in to increase the productivity.
3.	Salah	:	This property is the most beautiful pieces of land I have ever seen in over two years.
	Benar	:	This property is the most beautiful piece of land I have ever seen in over two years.
4.	Salah	:	Even if the product is a bucket mud, the salesman should present it in a velvet cloth.
	Benar	:	Even if the product is a bucket of mud, the salesman should present it in a velvet cloth.
5.	Salah	:	Let’s have game of tennis.
	Benar	:	Let’s have a game of tennis.

(1)	kinds of / types of / sorts of + plural countable noun
	(a)	There are many kinds of jobs you can choose if you know English well.
	(b)	Several kinds of shoes are available in the market.
	(c)	These sorts of stories are strange.
(2)	kinds of / types of / sorts of + uncountable noun
	(a)	Three kinds of homework will be given to us.
	(b)	There are many kinds of beer available.
	(c)	Those kinds of food are not good for you.
(3)	kind of (a) / type of (a) / sort of (a) + singular countable noun
	(a)	How do you know this is the kind of (a) job I am looking for?
	(b)	Are you looking for a special kind of (a) car?
	(c)	This sort of (a) story is strange.
(4)	kind of / type of / sort of + uncountable noun
	(a)	This kind of software will never work on this computer.
	(b)	This is the type of furniture that I want.
	(c)	This kind of food is not good for you.

(1)	Penggunaan dengan kind of / type of / sort of dengan article a + singular countable noun (kind of / type of / sort of a car) adalah penggunaan yang tidak formal.
(2)	Penggunaan kind of/type of/sort of dengan plural noun (kind of / type of / sort of cars) juga adalah penggunaan yang tidak formal.
(3)	Penggunaan demonstratives ‘these/those + kinds of / types of / sorts of + plural countable nouns’ (these kinds of shoes) juga dianggap tidak formal.
(4)	Penggunaan demonstrative ‘these/those’ + kind of / type of / sort of + plural countable noun (these kind of shoes) juga dianggap informal.
(5)	Bentuk yang sangat formal adalah cars of this kind/type/sort.

1.	Salah	:	This kind of computers is now out of stock.
	Benar	:	This kind of computer is now out of stock.
2.	Salah	:	There are several kind of soap available.
	Benar	:	There are several kinds of soap available.
3.	Salah	:	Various kind of fruit are available in the market.
	Benar	:	Various kinds of fruit are available in the market.
4.	Salah	:	What type of cars does she drive?
	Benar	:	What type of car does she drive?
5.	Salah	:	This types of job needs a lot of skill.
	Benar	:	This type of job needs a lot of skill.

(1)	no + singular countable noun
	(a)	No problem can be solved if we do nothing.
	(b)	I am sorry. I have no friend to introduce to you.

1.	Salah	:	Fill your life, your home and your works environment with everything which is life-giving.
	Benar	:	Fill your life, your home and your work environment with everything which is life-giving.
2.	Salah	:	An air bath can give your skin a chance to breathe, enhance metabolism and balance body’s energies.
	Benar	:	An air bath can give your skin a chance to breathe, enhance metabolism and balance body energies.
3.	Salah	:	Have you ever started an exercises program with enthusiasm?
	Benar	:	Have you ever started an exercise program with enthusiasm?
4.	Salah	:	Your targets rate for physical activity is 70-85 % of your maximum heart rate.
	Benar	:	Your target rate for physical activity is 70-85 % of your maximum heart rate.
5.	Salah	:	He is the first clinician to offer documented proof that heart’s disease can halted by changing your lifestyle.
	Benar	:	He is the first clinician to offer documented proof that heart disease can be halted by changing your lifestyle.

1.	Salah	:	Professionalism of a person will determine whether he is just a fast-talking salesman or not.
	Benar	:	The professionalism of a person will determine whether he is just a fast-talking salesman or not.
2.	Salah	:	The younger people don’t have sophistication of the oldsters.
	Benar	:	The younger people don’t have the sophistication of the oldsters.
3.	Salah	:	In 1990s, we saw explosive growth of e-commerce on the Internet.
	Benar	:	In 1990s, we saw the explosive growth of e-commerce on the Internet.
4.	Salah	:	One of the important contributing factors in globalization of markets is the spread of English as the language of international business.
	Benar	:	One of the important contributing factors in the globalization of markets is the spread of English as the language of international business.
5.	Salah	:	Marketing decisions cannot be made in absence of product designers, engineers, production managers and purchasing managers.
	Benar	:	Marketing decisions cannot be made in the absence of product designers, engineers, production managers and purchasing managers.

(2)	no + plural countable noun
	(a)	I have no excuses for coming late. It’s my fault.
	(b)	No plants can live without water.

(3)	no + uncountable noun
	(a)	No music is allowed here.
	(b)	He has no money at all.

1.	Salah	:	I suspect that a lot of you have not shortage of money.
	Benar	:	I suspect that a lot of you have no shortage of money.
2.	Salah	:	Those who cannot meet their debt obligations have not a choice but to sell what they have at any price.
	Benar	:	Those who cannot meet their debt obligations have no choice but to sell what they have at any price.
3.	Salah	:	People with none debts will get rich easily out of an economy depression.
	Benar	:	People with no debts will get rich easily out of an economy depression.
4.	Salah	:	You will be thankful after noticing people with none legs and unclear minds.
	Benar	:	You will be thankful after noticing people with no legs and unclear minds.
5.	Salah	:	None of smoking is allowed.
	Benar	:	No smoking is allowed.

(1)	one of the + plural noun + singular verb
	(a)	One of the shirts is mine.
	(b)	One of my friends was here yesterday.

(2)	some of the + plural noun + plural verb
	(a)	Some of the shoes cost 100 dollars.
	(b)	Some of the houses are big.

(3)	some of the + uncountable noun + singular verb
	(a)	Some of the sugar is added to the apple juice
	(b)	Some of the money has been given to him.

1.	Salah	:	In order not to go broke, one of the thing you should do is get out of debt.
	Benar	:	In order not to go broke, one of the things you should do is get out of debt.
2.	Salah	:	Some of his loving relative and admiring friends are visiting him.
	Benar	:	Some of his loving relatives and admiring friends are visiting him.
3.	Salah	:	Some of the thing that seems absolutely essential for you to be proud of yourself at 17 or 25 will seem nearly so important at 50.
	Benar	:	Some of the things that seems absolutely essential for you to be proud of yourself at 17 or 25 will seem nearly so important at 50.
4.	Salah	:	Some of the milks is expired.
	Benar	:	Some of the milk is expired.
5.	Salah	:	Some of the informations is not up-to-date.
	Benar	:	Some of the information is not up-to-date.

1.	Salah	:	Ten dollars are a good price.
	Benar	:	Ten dollars is a good price.
2.	Salah	:	The rich is becoming richer.
	Benar	:	The rich are becoming richer.
3.	Salah	:	The majority vote against him.
	Benar	:	The majority votes against him.
4.	Salah	:	The people from Japan and Korea is of Chinese descent.
	Benar	:	The people from Japan and Korea are of Chinese descent.
5.	Salah	:	A family consist of the father, the mother and the children.
	Benar	:	A family consists of the father, the mother and the children.

(1)	enough + plural countable noun
	(a)	We have enough chairs or
		We have chairs enough.
	(b)	There aren’t enough books for all students or
		We have books enough for all students.

(2)	enough + uncountable noun
	(a)	We have enough time or
		We have time enough.
	(b)	There isn’t enough money or
		We have money enough.

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1.	Salah	:	I don’t have enough car, so I can’t lend one to you.
	Benar	:	I don’t have enough cars, so I can’t lend one to you.
2.	Salah	:	Do you have enough the food for everybody?
	Benar	:	Do you have enough food for everybody?
	Benar	:	Do you have food enough for everybody?
3.	Salah	:	Without the enough rest, you will soon get sick.
	Benar	:	Without enough rest, you will soon get sick.
	Benar	:	Without rest enough, you will soon get sick.
4.	Salah	:	The police do not have the enough proof to arrest him.
	Benar	:	The police do not have enough proof to arrest him.
	Benar	:	The police do not have proof enough to arrest him.
5.	Salah	:	We have enough the time to get to the airport.
	Benar	:	We have enough time to get to the airport.
	Benar	:	We have time enough to get to the airport.

1.	Salah	:	Mr James he didn’t know about it.
	Benar	:	Mr James didn’t know about it.
	Benar	:	He didn’t know about it.
2.	Salah	:	The children, they never behave themselves.
	Benar	:	The children never behave themselves.
	Benar	:	They never behave themselves.
3.	Salah	:	The queue it moved quite fast.
	Benar	:	The queue moved quite fast.
	Benar	:	It moved quite fast
4.	Salah	:	Many accidents they happened on the roads.
	Benar	:	Many accidents happened on the roads.
	Benar	:	They happened on the roads.
5.	Salah	:	The children that they were found abandoned.
	Benar	:	The children were found abandoned.
	Benar	:	They were found abandoned.

(a)	The literature of the eighteenth century was written in old English.
(b)	The work of many people has made this world a wonderful place to live in.

(a)	The borrowing of books for more than two weeks is not allowed.
(b)	The training of employees costs a lot of money.

1.	Salah	:	Creating of good sentences is an art.
	Benar	:	The creating of good sentences is an art.
2.	Salah	:	Booking of the hotel was late.
	Benar	:	The booking of the hotel was late.
3.	Salah	:	Predicting of the direction of the economy is not easy.
	Benar	:	The predicting of the direction of the economy is not easy.
4.	Salah	:	Selling of part or all of government enterprises means privatization.
	Benar	:	The selling of part or all of government enterprises means privatization.
5.	Salah	:	Controlling of money in circulation is done by the central bank.
	Benar	:	The controlling of money in circulation is done by the central bank.

1.	Salah	:	Scents affect you not only emotional but also physiologically.
	Benar	:	Scents affect you not only emotionally but also physiologically.
2.	Salah	:	This book will teach you how to use color creative to increase energy levels.
	Benar	:	This book will teach you how to use color creatively to increase energy levels.
3.	Salah	:	If you want to create a high energy way of eating, do it gradual.
	Benar	:	If you want to create a high energy way of eating, do it gradually.
4.	Salah	:	Please fill in the form careful.
	Benar	:	Please fill in the form carefully.
5.	Salah	:	You don’t have to stick slavish to the instructions – they are only guidelines.
	Benar	:	You don’t have to stick slavishly to the instructions – they are only guidelines.

1.	Salah	:	There is nothing intrinsical wrongly with wanting to be slim and attractive.
	Benar	:	There is nothing intrinsically wrong with wanting to be slim and attractive.
2.	Salah	:	The price of the food at the fair is relative low, with a wide range of choices on offer.
	Benar	:	The price of the food at the fair is relatively low, with a wide range of choices on offer.
3.	Salah	:	Babies born prematurely show the effects years later, with parts of their brains significant smaller when they are eight years old.
	Benar	:	Babies born prematurely show the effects years later, with parts of their brains significantly smaller when they are eight years old.
4.	Salah	:	According to Thai belief, touching the head, the most sacred part of the body, is considered high offensive.
	Benar	:	According to Thai belief, touching the head, the most sacred part of the body, is considered highly offensive.
5.	Salah	:	Students who take part in the test are full aware that their chances of failure are about 80%.
	Benar	:	Students who take part in the test are fully aware that their chances of failure are about 80%.

(1)	sometimes (kadang-kadang)
	(a)	Sometimes I get up early in the morning.
	(b)	She sometimes works overtime.
	(c)	She is sometimes late.
	(d)	I go swimming sometimes.

(2)	sometime (kapan-kapan)
	(a)	I will drop by sometime.
	(b)	Let’s have dinner sometime.

(3)	some time (beberapa waktu)
	(a)	I worked in the company for some time but resigned later.
	(b)	We worked together for some time but stopped.